Cholera

Cholera Introduction Since 1991, on average almost 300,000 cases have been reported annually. According to WHO [|statistics],in 2009 Cholera has been presented in 45 countries and caused 4,946 deaths around the world. Without doubt Cholera is still hitting our worldwide health.

Definition

Cholera is a water-bone disease and an acute infection disease of the small intestine. It is caused by a bacteria called //Vibrio cholerae//, which has a short incubation period from less than one day to five days. It produces a poison gastroenteritis that affects the intestine. Any person may get this disease by drinking water or eating contaminated food.

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Causes and Effects **__ How is it transmitted? __**
 * The bacterium called Vibrio cholera is mostly transmitted by water contaminated with human feces and ingesting contaminated food. **For example**: raw food or undercooked seafood.
 * Transmission of vibrio cholera causes gastroenteritis and It locates in the small intestine. Even though many bacterial die, others survive and create a colony. During that time a poison is released to the body creating diarrhea "like rice water" in very large quantities.
 * Cholera spreads very quickly in emergency conditions and can lead to many deaths.
 * __ Lack infrastructure __**
 * Cholera is a disease that develop in places with poor water and sanitary conditions.
 * Almost every developing country faces outbreaks or the threat of a Cholera epidemic.



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 * __ Symptoms of cholera __**
 * There is a sudden onset with nausea, vomiting, profuse watery diarrhea, rapid loss of body fluids, electrolyte imbalance, toxemia, and collapse with a severe dehydration.
 * symptoms of food poisoning is last less than 24 hours.
 * As fluid is lost, other symptoms can occur including thirst, weakness, increased heart rate, reduced urine production, coma state and death.


 * __ Infection __**

Prevention **__ Avoiding contaminated food and water __** Conclusion The complication of serious cholera can occur rapidly if there is no treat on time. This disease can be prevented if we only use clean water and handle it with strict hygiene. Thus, water and sanitation infraestructure need to be built.
 * contaminated fecal
 * contaminated water
 * 1-5 days(average 3 days)
 * effects of bacterial toxin
 * 1) small intestine
 * 2) large intestine
 * Drink only water that you have boiled or water treatment system.
 * Eat food that's completely cooked and hot.
 * Avoid Sushi and raw foods
 * Avoid undercooked or raw fish or shellfish
 * Avoid foods from the the street vendor.
 * Individuals should peel their own fruits
 * Be careful with vegetable