Solar+Engery



= Solar Energy =

[[image:sun.jpg width="42" height="36"]] Introduction：
==** Solar Energy, the light and heat from sun. It has been used for long time. People notice that energy can solve the world's resources problem. Scientist start doing research and they discovered the secret of the sun. It is believed the solar energy is worthy and recyclable. **==

===Applications: ===

** Different technologies are used for utilization of solar energy, those could be passive or active it depended on the way they receive, transform and distribute sunlight. **
=== ** Active solar technologies amplify the stock of energy and are considered supply side technologies, besides passive solar technologies decrease the need for energy resources and are believed demand side technologies. ** === === Solar power has a big opportunity; however in 2008 it was used less than 0.02% of the world's total energy. Now are many technologies, like different types o cells, such as thin film, mono crystalline silicon, polycrystalline silicon, and amorphous cells, additionally different types of concentr ating solar power. It is unknown which technology will become the most popular in the future. ===
 * === ** Active solar technologies use photovoltaic panels, pumps, and fans to transform sunlight into useful production. ** ===
 * ===** Passive solar techniques contain different materials with good thermal properties, planning spaces that naturally change air, and arranging the position of a house to the Sun. **===

= Solar power is the transformation of light into electricity = = by using photovoltaics (PV), or indirectly using concentrated solar power (CSP). ** Concentrated solar power systems use mirrors or lenses and moving systems to center a large surface of sunlight into a small beam. Photovoltaics modify light into electric power using the photoelectric effect. ** = = ** Concentrated solar power systems use mirrors or lenses and moving **** systems to center a large surface of sunlight into a small beam. **** T **** hen the concentrated heat is used as a source for a traditional power plant. Large spectres of concentrating **** technologies are known; the most popular are the parabolic trough, **** the ** = = ** Stirling dish and the solar power tower, the concentrating linear Fresnel reflector. Different techniques are applied to track the Sun and focus light. In all of these installations a working fluid is heated by the focused sunlight, and after is used for electrical generation or energy storage. ** = = ** A system with a solar power tower uses moving reflectors to focus light on a receiver atop a tower. Power towers offer higher efficiency, better energy storage capability and are more cost effective, among CSP technologies. ** =  **A very important problem with solar power is the capital installation cost; nevertheless cost has been decreasing due the developing of technologies. As a result developing countries may not have enough money to build large solar power plants, however small solar installations are replacing other sources of energy in the developing world.** media type="youtube" key="AmWrGPKcMNM" width="424" height="350" align="center"

 ** Photovoltaic: **
 * Photovoltaic cell (PV) or a solar cell is a device that transforms light into electric power **
 * [[image:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Photovoltaic_panel_at_the_National_Solar_Energy_Center_in_Israel.jpg/449px-Photovoltaic_panel_at_the_National_Solar_Energy_Center_in_Israel.jpg width="249" height="398" align="right"]]using the photoelectric. Charles Fritts in the 1880s constructed the first solar cell. Later in 1931 a German engineer, Dr Bruno Lange, developed a photo cell using silver selenide by replacing the copper oxide. However the first selenium cells transformed less than 1% of incident light into electricity. Researchers Gerald Pearson, Calvin Fuller and Daryl Chapin created the silicon solar cell in 1954. These early solar cells were very expensive and it cost 286 USD/watt and reached efficiencies of 4.5–6%. **
 * The failing oil prices in the early 1980s moderate the growth of PV in 1984-1996, after a period of rapidly grew between 1970 and 1983. **
 * Since 1997, PV development has increased due to provide an alternative to oil and natural gas. Environmental warming concerns and the improving economic position of PV comparative to other energy technologies helped to that. PV production increasing by 40% per year since 2000 and installed capacity reached 10.6 GW at the end of 2007, and 14.73 GW in 2008. **


 * Different agreements and programs **** helped investors to invest more in **** this **
 * kind of technologies. **** Concentrated solar power plants used in commercial purpose, were first planned in the 1980s. The largest solar power plant in the world SEGS CSP installation is located in the Mojave Desert of California with a capacity of 354 MW. Other large CSP plants are located in Spain, the Solnova Solar Power Station (150 MW) and the Andasol solar power station (100 MW). The world’s largest photovoltaic plant is the 97 MW [|Sarnia Photovoltaic Power Plant] in Ontario, Canada. **

World's largest photovoltaic power stations (50 MW or larger) [[image:Безымянный.JPG width="686" height="338"]]
===Germany has long been the global solar industry’s engine. Europe’s biggest economy consumed more than half the solar panels produced around the world in 2010. Solar accounts for just 2% of Germany’s power production, but the country added a record 8,000 megawatts (MW) of solar modules last year — equal to the capacity of eight nuclear reactors — far outpacing Italy, Japan and the United States. === []

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** Solar thermal energy **

===Solar thermal energy (STE) is a technology for utilize solar  energy  for heating or thermal energy. Solar thermal collectors are classified as low-, medium-, or high-temperature collectors, by the USA Energy Information Administration. === ===Solar hot water systems use sunlight to heat water. In low geographical latitudes (below 40 degrees) from 60 to 70% of the domestic hot water use with temperatures up to 60 °C can be provided by solar heating systems. The most common types of solar water heaters are evacuated tube collectors (44%) and glazed flat plate collectors (34%) generally used for domestic hot water; and unglazed plastic collectors (21%) used mainly to heat swimming pools. === ===Hot water heated by the sun is used in many ways. While best known in a residential setting to provide hot water, solar hot water also has industrial applications to generate electricity as example. Designs for hot climates can be much simpler and cheaper, and can be considered an appropriate technology for these places. The global solar thermal market is dominated by China, Europe, Japan and India. ===
 * ===Low temperature collectors are flat plates generally used to heat swimming pools, although they can also be used for space heating. ===
 * ===Medium-temperature collectors are also usually flat plates but are used for heating water or air for residential and commercial use. ===
 * ===High temperature collectors concentrate sunlight using mirrors or lenses and are generally used for electric power production. ===

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** Solar vehicles : **

** run out and become more expensive, solar **** power stations may become a better option. So there are many transportation are created by solar energy, which is means they uses the solar energy instead the fuels. Indeed, the solar cars combine **** technology typically used in **** the aerospace, bicycle, alternative **** energy and automotive industries. The design of a solar vehicle is severely limited by the amount of energy input into the car. Most solar cars have been built for the purpose of solar car races. Its not only the car it's also includes <span style="background-clip: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px;">[|solar boat] ,<span style="background-clip: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px;"> <span style="background-clip: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; cursor: pointer; line-height: 23px; padding-right: 10px;"> ,etc. **
 * Solar vehicles are very expensive to build, but as fossil fuels **

** Conclusion **

= We've used the Sun for drying clothes and food for thousands of years, but only recently we have been able to use it for generating power. The Sun is 150 million kilometers away, and amazingly powerful. Just the tiny fraction of the Sun's energy that hits the Earth is enough to meet all our power needs many times over. In fact, the sunshine will keep shining we don't need to worried about the energy will run out. Believed, people will use it more often because its a treasure and renewable. =

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