Camera

**Camera** ** Introduction ** ﻿Camera has become such a common device nowadays. It is most likely to find a camera in a person's bag or at least one camera per family. You can capture everyone's imagination and a precious moment at anytime by a camera. Are you curious about the history of camera while you're using a high tech digital camera today? Here we go!

** The Definition of Camera ** A [|camera] is a machine that records pictures. The term camera comes from the [|camera obscura]which means in Latin dark chamber. ** The History of Camera **

The size of the earliest cameras were huge. It was a lot of space for a person to sit inside. Until 1685, Johann Zahn designed the first small camera which could be held by hand, but this design was proved successful by taking many more years. In 1814, it is said to be the milestone in the history of camera.

Hereunder is a brief timetable in which shows you [|the history of camera].


 * = Date ||= A Brief of the Development of Camera ||
 * = 1814 ||= [|Joseph Nicéphore Niépce], was a Frenchman, obtained the first ever phtographic image with his "Camera Obscura". The photographs were not permanent and faded away.﻿  ||
 * 1826 || Niépce made permanent images by using a sliding wooden box camera. The sliding wooden box camera was made by Charles and Vicent Chevalier in Paris, France. ||
 * 1836 || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 150%;">Louis Jacques Daguerre invented the first practical photographic method which called Daguerreotype. The image was developed by mercury vapor and fixed with a salt solution. ||
 * <span style="color: #800080; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 150%;">1840 || <span style="color: #800080; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 150%;">William Henry Talbot patented a different process called Calotype. It is with a sensitized plated or sheet of paper placed in front of the viewing screen to record the image. ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 150%;">1885 || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 150%;">[|George Eastman]started manufacturing paper films in 1885. ||
 * <span style="color: #800080; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 150%;">1888 || <span style="color: #800080; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 150%;">Kodak was the first film camera to go on a sale. ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 150%;">1913 || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 150%;">Oskar Barnack built his prototype 35mm camera (Ur-Leica). ||
 * <span style="color: #800080; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 150%;">1925 || <span style="color: #800080; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 150%;">Due to World War I, the further development of 35mm camera (Ur-Leica) was delayed for several years. The Leitz test-marketed the designed between 1923-24. Finally Leica I was brought to the market in 1925. (see picture below) ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 150%;">1948 || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 150%;">[|Edwin Land], was an American scientist and inventor, who invented Polariod. The Polaroid model 95 was the world's first instant picture camera (see picture below) ||
 * <span style="color: #800080; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 150%;">1963 || <span style="color: #800080; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 150%;">Polaroid releases instant color film. ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 150%;">1973 || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 150%;">Polaroid developed one step instant color film, shoot and print with one click. ||
 * <span style="color: #800080; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 150%;">1975 || <span style="color: #800080; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 150%;">[|Steven Sasson], who is an engineer, at Kodak succeeded in building the first digital camera. The camera weighed 3.6kg and produced only black and white images at a poor resolution of 0.01 megapixels. ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 150%;">1988 || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 150%;">The [|Fuji DS-1P] was the first true digital camera which was available in Japan for a brief tie but it was never released in U.S. It had 16 MB internal memory. ||
 * <span style="color: #800080; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 150%;">1990 || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">The first commercially available digital camera was [|Dycam Model 1] . ||

<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 150%;">[|The world's first camera]

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 150%;">[|The first photograph] was taken by ﻿a sliding wooden box camera.



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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 150%;">In the past, cameras developed from the camera obscura, and keep going on to change through many generations of photographic technology, until now we use digital cameras popularly. Speaking of the history of various cameras, it was a very long story. I believed that we all know and are familiar with film and digital cameras in our generation but do you know who and when invented the first cameras of them. Now, let us look back the history of film camera and digital camera.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 150%;">** FILM CAMERA ** <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 150%;">The first film camera was invented by [|George Eastman]in1885. He called his first camera - "Kodak". It was a very simple box camera with a fixed-focus lens and single shutter speed. <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 150%;">In 1889, he was switching to use celluloid instead of paper film. <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 150%;">In the past, the Kodak came pre-loaded with enough film for 100 exposures and had to sent back to the factory for processing and reloading when the roll was finished.

<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 150%;">Now, you can choose color or black and white roll film to take photos; you can also choose a roll film with either 24 or 36 pieces films inside. Besides, you can take the finished roll film to the photo lab for a half or an one hour processing. The most interesting is "waiting", you have to spend time to look forward to seeing photos that you captured. This is one of much more exciting than using digital camera.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">** DIGITAL CAMERA ** <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 150%;">The digital camera was invented by [|Steven Sasson]in 1975 in USA. The first true digital camera was Fuji DS-1P in 1988. It weighed 3.6kg and produced only black and white images at a resolution of 0.01 megapixels (10,000 pixels). It had 16 MB internal memory card; it had a battery to keep the photographs in memory and took 23 seconds to capture one image. However, it <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 150%;"> was never marketed in the United States. <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 150%;">Until 1990, the next digital camera Dycam Model 1 was commercially available and CCD image sensor was used. Apart from this, it stored pictures digitally, and connected directly to a computer for download pictures.

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<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 150%;">Comparison with up-to-date and old-fashioned digital camera, you can capture and save photographs on digital memory cards or its internal storage as much as you want. Besides, the more trendy camera, the more functions come along with cameras. For example, video record, widely zoom in and out and so on. The device does not require lots of technics to handle it. It makes beautiful big print because of its high resolution. In addition, the size of digital cameras are smaller than previous models. They are handy and convenient to take out for shooting. Now, digital cameras includes wireless communication capabilities, for instance Wi-Fi or Bluetooth to transfer, print or share photos. What is more, the camera technology is also apply for the other devices. Cell phone is a good example, you can see camera technology has attached to mostly of cell phones in this generation.

<span style="color: #800080; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 200%;">**The popular and various of cameras are available today** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 150%;">1. [|APS camera](Advanced photo system) <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 150%;">2. [|Digital camera] <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 150%;">3. [|35mm SLR camera](Single lens reflex) <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 150%;">4. [|Digital SLR camera] <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 150%;">5. [|Instant and polariod camera] <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 150%;">6. [|Waterproof camera]

**<span style="color: #800080; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Conclusion ** <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 150%;">All in all, the invention of the camera generates several designs of cameras. With the box like a house in the past, today we come up with the small camera in which people can put in their pockets. Technologists are still working on it in order to get it better. It is an ongoing process and in each decade we have new items in the market. media type="youtube" key="KkDCZrTKQaI" height="349" width="560" align="center"

<span style="color: #800080; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 200%;">**Bibliography**

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