Oil+Sands

//** Black Gold **// **---Oil Sands﻿**

Oil is sometimes called "black gold". It is a basic necessity of our daily lives. Especially, we live in Alberta which has the second world's largest oil reserves after Saudi Arabia. We are not only proud of it, but we also do a research on it.
 * Introduction: **

  Plants and Animals--Fossil---Petroleum- **Solid **- Coal or **Bitumen (Oil Sands) ** Plants and Animals--Fossil---Petroleum- **Liquid **- **Oil ** or Natural Gas  
 * <span style="background-color: #ff0000; color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 180%;">How the Oil formed **
 * <span style="background-color: #0077ff; color: #ffff00; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 130%;">Or **
 * <span style="background-color: #ff0000; color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 180%;">What the oil sands is **
 * <span style="background-color: #ff0000; color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 180%;">Where the oil sands located **

<span style="color: #5b3e3e; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 130%;">Oil sands are found in several locations around the globe, including Venezuela, the United States and Russia, but the largest deposits are in Canada and Venezuela. <span style="color: #5b3e3e; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 130%;">

<span style="color: #676722; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 130%;">Oil sands are a mixture of sand, clay, water <span style="color: #676722; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 130%;">and bitumen, which are a heavy and extremely viscous oil.


 * <span style="background-color: #ff0000; color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 180%;">When the oil sands discovered **

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #5b3e3e; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 130%;">Fist the **<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #0049ff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 130%;">Aboriginal **<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #5b3e3e; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 130%;"> people **<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #0049ff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 130%;">used **<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #5b3e3e; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 130%;"> the oil sands to glue the seams of their canoes in the **<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #0049ff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 130%;"> 1790s **<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #5b3e3e; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 130%;">**.** I n the **<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #0049ff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 130%;">1870s **<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #5b3e3e; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 130%;"> and **<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #0049ff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 130%;">1880s **<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #5b3e3e; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 130%;">a <span style="color: #5b3e3e; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 130%;"><span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #5b3e3e; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 130%;">﻿ number of **<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #0049ff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 130%;">scientists **<span style="color: #5b3e3e; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 130%;">,including John Macoun and Robert Bell,they began to **<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #0049ff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 130%;">recognize **<span style="color: #5b3e3e; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 130%;"> its commercial <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #5b3e3e; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 130%;">possibilities <span style="color: #5b3e3e; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 130%;">. **<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #0049ff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 130%;">In 1967 **<span style="color: #5b3e3e; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 130%;">,the first oil was first **<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #0049ff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 130%;">produced **<span style="color: #5b3e3e; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 130%;"> by Great Canadian Oil Sands,it was the first successful oil snads plant which is located in northeast Alberta. <span style="color: #5b3e3e; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 130%;"><span style="color: #5b3e3e; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 130%;">
 * <span style="background-color: #ff0000; color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 180%;">Oil sands Extraction and Processing **

<span style="color: #5b3e3e; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 130%;">There are **<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #0049ff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 130%;"> two **<span style="color: #5b3e3e; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 130%;">different **<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #0049ff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 130%;">methods **<span style="color: #5b3e3e; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 130%;"> to extract the oil from the oilsands. Those are **<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #0049ff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 130%;">Open pit mining **<span style="color: #5b3e3e; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 130%;">and **<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #0049ff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 130%;"> In- situ **<span style="color: #5b3e3e; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 130%;">.

<span style="background-color: #ff00ff; color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 130%;">1. <span style="color: #5b3e3e; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 130%;">With the <span style="background-color: #ff00ff; color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 130%;">first <span style="color: #5b3e3e; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 130%;">method, <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: large;">Open Pit Mining,t <span style="color: #5b3e3e; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 130%;">his <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #5b3e3e; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 130%;">technique <span style="color: #5b3e3e; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 130%;"> uses large shovels <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #5b3e3e; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 130%;">to **<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #0049ff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 130%;">dig up **<span style="color: #5b3e3e; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 130%;">tar sands <span style="color: #5b3e3e; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: large;">near the earth surface <span style="color: #5b3e3e; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 130%;">and load them into enormous trucks. <span style="background-color: #ff00ff; color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 130%;">After <span style="color: #5b3e3e; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 130%;">mining, the tar sands are **<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #0049ff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 130%;">transported **<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #5b3e3e; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 130%;">to an extraction <span style="color: #5b3e3e; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 130%;">plant, where Hot water and steam are **<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #0049ff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 130%;"> added **<span style="color: #5b3e3e; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 130%;">to the tar sands, <span style="background-color: #ff00ff; color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 130%;">then <span style="color: #5b3e3e; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 130%;"> the mixture is **<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #0049ff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 130%;">piped **<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #5b3e3e; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 130%;"> to <span style="color: #5b3e3e; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 130%;">the extraction department. The combination of hot water and agitation **<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #0049ff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 130%;">releases **<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #5b3e3e; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 130%;">bitumen <span style="color: #5b3e3e; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 130%;">from the oil sand. <span style="background-color: #ff00ff; color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 130%;">Further <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #5b3e3e; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 130%;">processing **<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #0049ff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 130%;">removes **<span style="color: #5b3e3e; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 130%;"> the rest <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #5b3e3e; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 130%;">water <span style="color: #5b3e3e; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 130%;">and solids, much of the water is recycled or sent to the tailings ponds. <span style="background-color: #ff00ff; color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 130%;">Finally <span style="color: #5b3e3e; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 130%;">,The bitumen is transported and eventually **<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #0049ff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 130%;"> upgrades **<span style="color: #5b3e3e; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 130%;">into synthetic crude **<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #0049ff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 130%;"> oil **<span style="color: #5b3e3e; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 130%;">.

<span style="background-color: #ff00ff; color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 130%;">2. <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #5b3e3e; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 130%;">With the <span style="background-color: #ff00ff; color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 130%;">second <span style="color: #5b3e3e; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 130%;"> method, In-situ, the technique **<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #0049ff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 130%;">uses steam injection **<span style="color: #5b3e3e; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 130%;">to extract the oil sand located in deeper undergrounds. this method also injects oxigen and burn part of this resource provide heat. Obviously, this method **<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #0049ff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 130%;">requires large **<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #5b3e3e; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 130%;"> amounts <span style="color: #5b3e3e; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 130%;">of both **<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #0049ff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 130%;">water **<span style="color: #5b3e3e; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 130%;"> and **<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #0049ff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 130%;">energy **<span style="color: #5b3e3e; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 130%;"> for heating and pumping.

media type="youtube" key="fI7ZM9QeVzM?fs=1" height="385" width="480" align="center"

<span style="color: #0049ff; display: block; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 130%; text-align: center;">[]
 * <span style="background-color: #ff0000; color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 180%;">The effect of the oil sands on our lives **

<span style="color: #404040; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 160%;">1. __Stimulating__ economic growth <span style="color: #404040; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 160%;">2. __Creating__ job opportunities <span style="color: #404040; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 160%;">3. __Increasing__ people's stantard of living <span style="color: #404040; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 160%;">4. __Polluting__ the environment

<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 130%;">Tailing ponds (includes a mixture of clay, sand, water, and hydrocarbon)

<span style="background-color: #ff0900; color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 180%;">The future of oil sands

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 130%;">Extracting oil from Alberta’s tar sands generates greenhouse gas emissions and destroys forests. The activity’s health and social impact is one of Canada’s most pressing environmental issues.

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 130%;">Oil from the tar sands has by far the biggest environmental impacts compared to any other method of oil production,The oil sands development is already the world's largest industrial project. And with high energy prices, oil companies from around the world plan to invest 110 billion dolars to expand operations, hoping to triple oil production over the next 10 to 15 years. Even more pipelines will soon cross Alberta to export all that black gold.

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 130%;">One Canadian company proposed to build a 3.6-billion-dollar, 3,300- kilometre-long pipeline to Texas so that 400,000 barrels of oil sands crude a day could be refined into gasoline when tihs project finished.

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 130%;">China has proposed a 2.5-billion-dollar, 1,160-kilometre pipeline to move oil from Alberta through the Rocky Mountains to the west coast of Canada. There is nowhere else in the world where this much money is being investing. Oil companies are working on new techniques to both use less water and to remediate the tailings.

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 130%;">There are eight or nine proposals on the table including pipelines to California, says Greg Stringham, vice president of the Canadian Association of Petroleum Producers.


 * <span style="background-color: #ff0000; color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 180%;">Conclusion **

<span style="color: #5b3e3e; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 130%;">In conclusion,we <span style="color: #0049ff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 130%;">learned <span style="color: #5b3e3e; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 130%;"> that the oil sands' <span style="color: #0049ff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 130%;">history <span style="color: #5b3e3e; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 130%;">, <span style="color: #0049ff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 130%;">production <span style="color: #5b3e3e; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 130%;">, and <span style="color: #0049ff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 130%;">impact <span style="color: #5b3e3e; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 130%;">. Also people believe that Alberta's oil reserves will continue to play an important role in Canadian and global economy, will bring a promising future to Alberta. <span style="color: #676722; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 110%;">@http://www.energy.alberta.ca/OilSands/793.asp @http://www.oilsandsdiscovery.com/kids/top_ten/topten.html <span style="color: #676722; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 110%;">@http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_sands @http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QvcAt26jXGg (process) @http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LaF5NfCjWHs&feature=related (environment) [] @http://www.capp.ca/getdoc.aspx?DocID=141879 (numbers)
 * <span style="background-color: #ff0000; color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 180%;">Bibliography **