Alzheimer's+Disease



Alzheimer's Disease

//**Introduction**// //**﻿**// The purpose of this project is to introduce our topic which explains Alzheimer’s disease. First, the Anatomy of brain can help us to understand which areas of the Brain are more vulnerable, when Alzheimer hit the Brain.Second, the definition of Alzheimer's disease,multiples causes and factors that favourite this disease from occurring, symptoms and treatment are the next steps to know deeply this disease.

//**Anatomy of the Brain **//

 __//﻿//__

 The brain is formed by billions of cells which can control the entire body .There are between 60 to 100 billion [|Neurons] with branches that connect 100 trillion point. Our Brain spreads the information to the body through neurons with both chemical and electrical signals.The Brain is constituted by two Hemispheres (right and left), so each part has it proper roles to accomplish.

//**what is Alzheimer's Disease ?**//

//**﻿**//

Alzheimer's disease first identified in1906 by Dr.alois Alzheimer, a German psychiatrist and Neurologist who described this disese.He found that  the brain disorder leads to personality change,memory loss ,intellectual slowing. Alzeihmer's can be caused by the accumulation of abnormal extracellulaire and intracellulaire deposits (Plaques and tangles). When this disease begins in the Brain ,the electrical and chemical signals fall down.The most damaged area is the **//__Hippocampus__//** ( is a major component of the brains of humans and other mammals,its play important role in motivation and emotional behaviour).



Senile plaques and Tangles

//** Difference between Dementia and Alzeihmer **//

 Most people can't make a relation between Alzheimer’s disease and [|Dementia]. Alzheimer's disease is a type of dementia and it’s a progressive brain disease that destroys brain cells, but dementia is the loss of brain function and its symptom caused by different causes of mental illness

**Three-stages of Alzheimer's disease**

__//<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 150%;">**1 - Mild / early 2 - 4 years** //__ <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 150%;">When Alzheimer's is in its earliest stages , <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 150%;">the area of the brain most affected is <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 150%;">the learning and memory center. <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 150%;">Consequently the symptoms are :
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 150%;">Confused with age.
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 150%;">Memory change.
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 150%;">Trouble remembering recent events and activities.
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 150%;">Forget familier people and things.

__//<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 150%;">**2-moderate/middel 2-10 years** //__

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 150%;">The symptoms of moderate Alzheimer's disease <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 150%;">are in large part an increase in the severity <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 150%;">of the symptoms of the first stage. <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 150%;">On this stage p <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 150%;">eople with Alzheimer's :
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 150%;">cannot live without assistance.
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 150%;">some confusion in time.
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 150%;">unable to recall important information.
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 150%;">gain and then losse weight.
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 150%;">huge appetites for junk food
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 150%;">forget when last meal was eaten

__//<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 150%;">**3 - Severe / late 13 years** //__

<span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 150%;">In this stage people dependent on others for their cares and they can not communicate until the end of their life.
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 150%;">can’t recognize self or family.
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 150%;">complete change of personality.
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 150%;">little capacity for self care.
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 150%;">look in mirror and talk to own image.
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 150%;">sleep more.



//**<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 150%;">How to Diagnosis Alzheimer's? **// //**﻿**////**﻿**// <span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 150%;">One of the diagnostic tests for Alzheimer’s disease is Mental Status Examination (MSE)
 * <span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 150%;">Affect and mood (this shows the emotion behind the action).
 * <span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 150%;">Attitude, behaviour (this test shows signs dressing appropriately, combine their hair and restless).
 * <span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 150%;">Cognition (shows ability to think, attention, decision making and dealing.

media type="youtube" key="IcuDz7tOL7E" height="349" width="425" align="center"

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 200%;">//**Treatment of Alzeihmer's disease**//

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 200%;">//**﻿**// <span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 150%;">Until now there is no treatment for Alzheimer because the scientists don't know how this disease occurs.However; there are many medication which can reduce the rapid progression of this disease.

<span style="background-color: #00ff00; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 150%;">//**__CHOLINESTERASE INHIBITORS__**//

<span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 150%;">This medication for mild to moderate Alzheimers helps to control some behavioral system and it delay the symptom not to becoming worse.



<span style="background-color: #00ff00; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 150%;">**//__NAMENDA__//**

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 150%;">This treatment for moderate to severe Alzheimer’s, it helps to delay the progression to severe stage also it helps patients ability to use bathroom independently for several more months.

//**<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 150%;">Who are at risk of Alzheimer’s disease? **//

<span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 150%;">The primary risk factors of Alzheimer’s are: age, family history, and genetics. However, there are other risk factors that can lead to this disease. As we will see in the next paragraph the risk to have this disease can change with the environment .Exemple, Seniors in America don't have the same rate of Alzheimer like people in Africa. //**<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 150%;">Statistics about Alzeihmer's in the world **// //**﻿**//
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 150%;"> Alzeihmer'disease international estimates that there were 26.6 million people with dementia in the world in 2006 and it will increase to 81 million by 2040.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 150%;"> In USA, the Number of Alzeihmer'disease reached 2.2 Millions in 1980 and 4.5 Millions in 2003.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 150%;"> Half a million Canadians have Alzheimer's disease and dementia so 1 in 11 Canadians over the age of 65 currently has Alzheimer's disease or a related dementia.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 150%;"> This year 103,000 Canadians will develop dementia.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 150%;"> Studies done in South India, have reported very low rates of Alzheimer’s disease in the population at 65 years of age or older. It’s about 1%.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 150%;"> Studies from some part of China and Taiwan have also shown a lower risk of Alzheimer’s disease as compared to western countries.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 150%;"> Similarly, research studies comparing the Ibadan living in Nigeria, and African-Americans living in USA . In the Ibadan group, the proportion of Alzheimer’s disease cases was a low 1.4% , while the rate for Alzheimer’s disease among the African-Americans was estimated at 6.2%.

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 200%;">**//CONCLUSION//** <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 200%;">**//﻿//****//﻿//** <span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 150%;">Some research suggested that population with higher education are at a lower risk for Alzheimer’s disease than those with less education.Some disease like high blood pressure, heart disease stroke, diabetes, and cholesterol can cause Alzheimer's disese.We should control our weight, avoid tobacco and alcohol, stay socially connected and exercises both our body and mind if we want to minimize this disease from occurring.





<span style="background-color: #ffff00; display: block; font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 150%;">Finally Eat a lot of fish

//**Bibliography**//


 * 1) __[|mild Alzeihmer]__
 * 2) [|Basal ganglia and limbic system][|.]
 * 3) **[|Alzeihmer causes-risk and factors]**
 * 4) **http://kcoad1.wikispaces.com/Alzheimer%27s+Disease**
 * 5) []
 * 6) http://www.ahaf.org/alzheimers/about/risk/?gclid=CP7kqf2duakCFQM6gwodUhug9Q

S